NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
ONLINE SUBMISSION

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor-in-Chief
Naoyuki TANIGUCHI (Suita)

Editors

Managing Editors

Associate Editors

Advisory Board

Biochemistry

Molecular Biology

Cell

Biotechnology

This JOURNAL, devoted to publication of original papers in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell, and biotechnology, was founded in 1922.
The JOURNAL is published monthly, with two volumes per annum.
All correspondences concerning this JOURNAL should be addressed to: The Japanese Biochemical Society, Ishikawa Building-3f, 25-16, Hongo 5-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Tel. + 81-3-3815-1913, Fax. +81-3-3815-1934

Subscription

The price for a subscription per year (two volumes) is US$385.00 (Print and Online), US$315.00 (Online Only), or US$350.00 (Print Only). Remittance should be made preferably by check or draft payable to the Japanese Biochemical Society. Subscriptions from abroad should be paid to the agencies listed below.

Agencies

All back issues of the Journal of Biochemistry from Volume 1, 1922, are available from our agency: TOA BOOK EXPORTS, INC., Ikebukuro 4-13-4, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan. Tel. +81-3-3985-4701, Fax. +81-3-3985-4703

Copyright © 2005, by the Japanese Biochemical Society

Notice on photocopying With the exception of cases permitted by the Copyrights Law, such as the photocopying services provided by the libraries duly designated by government ordinance and photocopying for lectures by teachers at educational institutions, the photocopying of any part of this publication without explicit consent of the relevant author is a violation of the law. To legally photocopy any part of this publication, the person wishing to photocopy, or the corporation or organization employing such person, is recommended to enter into a comprehensive copyright approval agreement with the following trustee of copyrights from the authors:
(Except in the U.S.A.) The Copyright Council of the Academic Societies, 41-6, Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan. Phone: 3-3475-4621, Fax: 3-3403-1738
(In U.S.A.) Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A. Phone: 508-750-8400, Fax: 508-750-4744

[JB Homepage]

NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS

The JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY publishes contributions written in English and submitted in the form of (1) Regular paper or (2) Rapid communication, covering materials requiring prompt publication.

The submission of a manuscript implies that the work has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if it is accepted for publication, the author(s) will transfer the copyright to the Japanese Biochemical Society.

Manuscripts should be succinct. No length limit is set for a Regular paper, whereas a Rapid communication must not exceed 3.5 printed pages. A charge of 700 yen is made for every printed page of a Regular paper and 7,200 yen per page for a Rapid communication.

The manuscript should be typewritten and double-spaced, and the pages must be appropriately numbered. The submission of four manuscript copies is requested. They should be sent to The Japanese Biochemical Society, Ishikawa Building-3f, 25-16, Hongo 5-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

The JB-Online manuscript submission and reviewing system is now available. We strongly recommend you to use this system. It greatly reduces overhead time and the usual extensive manual procedures required by traditional reviewing and printing processes. Thus the prompt publication of your manuscrip may be expected. For further details online: Instructions for Online Submission. Notice: Paper manuscripts may be submitted for a limited time.

Reprints can be purchased, in lots of 50 copies, at cost prices. The orders should be submitted with the returned proof.

When submitting manuscripts, authors are asked to select one of the following four categories and its topic under which the submission should be reviewed. Please indicate this selection on the title page of the manuscript. Authors may suggest names and addresses of persons suitable for reviewing their submitted works.

Fields and topics to be selected:

"Instructions to Authors" are printed in the January and July issues of this JOURNAL every year. Please conform to these instructions when submitting manuscripts. Reprint of "Instructions to Authors" is available.

New Announcement (Limited Publication)

JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL CONTENTS

Now available through: TOA BOOK EXPORTS, INC.,
Ikebukuro 413-4, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014, Japan. [JB Homepage]

The Journal of Biochemistry
Published by
The Japanese Biochemical Society (2005)

The Journal of Biochemistry publishes the results of original research in the fields of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell, and Biotechnology written in English in the form of Regular Papers or Rapid Communications. A Rapid Communication is not a preliminary note, but it is, though brief, a complete and final publication. The materials described in Rapid Communications should not be included in a later paper. The Journal also publishes short reviews (JB Review) and papers solicited by the Editorial Board. The submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if it is accepted for publication, the author(s) will transfer the copyright to the Japanese Biochemical Society. The JB-Online manuscript submission and reviewing system is now available. We strongly recommend that you use the online system. It greatly reduces overhead time and the usual extensive manual procedures required by traditional reviewing and printing processes. Thus the prompt publication of your manuscript may be expected. For further details online: Instructions for Online Submission. Notice: Paper manuscripts may be submitted for a limited time.

Manuscripts should be submitted in quadruplicate (one original and three clear copies) to:

The Editorial Office
The Japanese Biochemical Society
Ishikawa Building-3f
25-16, Hongo 5-chome, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Tel. +81-3-3815-1913
Fax. +81-3-3815-1934

On submission of a paper, authors are requested to select one of the following four fields and its topic, under which the submitted paper should be reviewed, and to indicate their selection on the title page of the manuscript. Fields to be selected:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Cell
Biotechnology

Topics to be selected:
Biochemistry: Biochemistry General; Protein Structure; Protein Interaction and Recognition; Biomolecular Structures; Nucleic Acid and Peptide Biochemistry; Glycobiology and Carbohydrate Biochemistry; Lipid Biochemistry; Enzymology; Enzyme Inhibitors; Biochemistry of Proteolysis; Metabolism and Bioenergetics; Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species; Biochemistry in Cell Membranes; Biochemistry in Diseases and Aging; Neurochemistry; Immunochemistry; Physiological Chemistry; Biochemical Pharmacology; Analytical Biochemistry
Molecular Biology: Molecular Biology General; Genes and Other Genetic Materials; Replication and Recombination; Gene Expression; Protein Synthesis; DNA-Protein Interaction; RNA Processing; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Diseases; Molecular Genetics; Molecular Evolution; Bioinformatics
Cell: Cell General; Biomembranes, Organelles, and Protein Sorting; Muscles; Cytoskeleton, Cell Motility, and Cell Shape; Extracellular Matrices and Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Cycle; Receptors and Signal Transduction; Stress Proteins and Molecular Chaperones; Cell Death; Differentiation, Development, and Aging; Neurobiology; Tumor and Immunology
Biotechnology: Biotechnology General; Biomimetic Chemistry; Biomaterials; Bioactive Substances; Synthetic Peptides and Oligonucleotides; Gene and Protein Engineering; RNA Technology; Glycotechnology; Immunological Engineering; Cell and Tissue Engineering; Transgenic Technology; Gene Delivery Systems; Drug Delivery Systems; Biosensor and Bioelectronics; New Devices in Biotechnology; Environmental Technology

No definite limit of length is set for a Regular Paper, but all manuscripts should be as concise as possible. A concise well-written paper will usually reduce the time required for review and tends to be published more rapidly. A Rapid Communication should not exceed an equivalent of 3.5 printed pages including the spaces required for figures, tables, and references. In estimating this limit, note that one single printed page is approximately 3.5 pages of a double-spaced type-written manuscript.

A manuscript describing primary structures of biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) without enough data for their deductions within the limited page space is not acceptable as a Rapid Communication. In the case of a Rapid Communication, the author should submit two copies of a free style letter describing the urgency or necessity for the rapid publication. [JB Homepage]

Manuscript will be sent to at least two referees for evaluation. The JOURNAL always attempts to minimize the potential for conflict of interest in the review of manuscripts. Therefore, authors may request that a specific individual with a possible conflict of interest not be involved in reviewing the manuscript. Authors may suggest the names and addresses of a few potential reviewers. The Editors and Associate Editors will be guided but not necessarily bound by these suggestions.

Contributors will receive a letter from one of the Editors or Associate Editors stating whether their manuscript is acceptable. Revised manuscripts, and correspondence concerning manuscripts, should be sent directly to the relevant Editor at the address indicated on the letter. Revised papers will be considered as newly submitted papers if they are not resubmitted within 2 months for no justifiable reason. The manuscript may be sent to a member of the English revisers associated with the Society to correct English grammar and syntax depending on the Editor's judgment before the final acceptance. Handling of manuscripts is free of charge. Manuscripts, if accepted, will be published only after agreement by the author(s) to pay the costs of publication including page charges (see "notes to contributors" in recent issues). Authors should provide "materials for the preparation of indices" upon request from the Editor. Alteration in galley proofs, other than the correction of printer's errors, are not granted, except when the Editor admits inevitable addition of a brief note in proofs at the author's expense. Galley proofs corrected by authors should be returned to the printer by a designated date. Otherwise, the Editor reserves the right of proofreading. Illustrations, photographs, electron micrographs, color plates, and other special illustrations will be reproduced at the author's expense at cost prices. The list of these cost prices will be sent to the author after the final decision. Reprints can be purchased, in lots of 50 copies, at cost prices. The orders should be submitted with the returned proof.

When the manuscript is rejected, only the artwork (Tables and Figures) will be returned to the author. The copies will be discarded by the Editorial office.

The members of the Editorial Board use the following guidelines to assist them in making editorial decisions. To inform prospective authors of our criteria, the guidelines are listed below, but please note that these are only guidelines. (i) Is the subject suitable for publication in the Journal of Biochemistry? (ii) Is it an original contribution? (iii) Is it a complete and final paper? (iv) Is it clearly presented? (v) Are the summary and title informative? Do they reflect the contents of the paper? (vi) Are the appropriate key words given? (vii) Does the introduction contain statements sufficient to explain the aim of the work? (viii) Are the methods sound? (ix) Are the results relevant and sufficient? (x) Are the illustrations and tables necessary and acceptable? (xi) Are the interpretations and conclusions justified by the data? (xii) Are the references adequate; are all of them necessary? Does the list of references contain all the information?

In general, the Journal of Biochemistry will not publish papers that are: (i) Merely confirmatory or descriptive as to the presence of a well-known process in tissues or organisms not previously studied. (ii) Not novel enough: purification of an enzyme or sequencing of a protein or nucleic acid which has already been reported for another species or organ, unless the manuscript includes novel findings or is of biological significance. (iii) Too preliminary or incomplete: incomplete amino acid or nucleotide sequences, incomplete structures of natural compounds, incomplete NMR or other spectroscopic assignments, etc. (iv) Deals only with the description of a new method or the preparation of a reagent such as a monoclonal antibody, unless it is novel or represents a substantial improvement. (v) Too specialized in areas outside the scope of the Journal of Biochemistry. (vi) Just negative. [JB Homepage]

Manuscripts should conform to the style and usage of the Journal as exemplified in current issues. They should be typed on A4 form (21 x 29.7 cm or 21.6 x 28 cm) paper with double-spacing throughout. Separate sheets should be used for the following: (1) title page(s), (2) summary, (3) text, (4) footnote(s) to the text, (5) references, (6) table(s), (7) legend(s) to figure(s), (8) figures or other subsidiary matters. The manuscripts should be arranged in the order indicated above and all sheets should be numbered in succession except the figure(s), the title page being page 1. Indicate the appropriate location in the text of the tables, figures, and other subsidiary materials by marginal notes. Latin words should be italicized (for example: in vitro, i.e., etc., per se). Footnote(s) to the title, author's name(s), and affiliation(s) should appear on the title page. Footnotes to the text should be typed on a separate sheet. All footnotes should be numbered in succession with superscript, arabic numerals, starting from the title page footnote(s). Footnotes to tables should be identified with superscript lower case (a, b, etc.), and placed at the bottom of the table.

A desirable plan for the organization of a Regular Paper is as follows: (a) SUMMARY, (b) INTRODUCTION with no heading, (c) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES or MATERIALS AND METHODS, (d) RESULTS, (e) DISCUSSION, (f) REFERENCES. In some cases, presentation will be clearer and more effective if the author combines some of these section. For a Rapid Communication, a brief summary is requested, but headings and subheadings should be omitted.

1. Title Page(s)
Provide a title page(s), containing the following items.

1. The form of the paper (Regular Paper or Rapid Communication) and the field under which the paper is to be reviewed.
2. Title. The title should be informative and as short as is consistent with clarity. The title should not include chemical formulae or arbitrary abbreviations, but chemical symbols may be used to indicate the structures of isotopically labeled compounds. The numbering of parts in a series of papers is not permitted, but titles and subtitles may be used if necessary.
3. By-line. List full names of all authors. A footnote reference(s) to an author(s), indicating a change of address, should be given on the title-page.
4. From-line. List the institution(s) in which the work was carried out, and the Zip Code, if available.
5. Running title. Provide a short running title of less than 60 strokes. It should be as informative as possible.
6. The name, complete mailing address, telephone number, and (if accessible) Fax number and E mail address of the person to whom correspondence should be sent. To expedite the review, much of the journal's correspondence will be by Fax, unless the authors request use of regular mail when submitting the manuscript. The Japanese author(s) must also list in Japanese the name and address of the person who is in charge of proofreading.
7. Abbreviations. Non-standard abbreviations (see Section IX-6, 7, and 8) should be defined, even if they are known to those familiar with the field. List all non-standard abbreviations used in the paper in alphabetical order in a footnote on the title page.

2. Summary
(1) Every paper should have summary. The summary should be concisely written in less than 200 words. Summaries of Rapid Communications should be limited to 100 words. The summary should briefly present the problem, suggest the scope of the work and the plan of experiments, mention significant data and state major findings and conclusions. Avoid statements such as "The significance of these results is discussed" that do not help the reader. The summary should be intelligible to the nonspecialist as well as the specialist in your field, and hence should avoid specialized terms and abbreviations.
(2) Key words. Provide five key words identifying the nature of the subject matter alphabetically in the last part of the summary.

3. Introduction
The text of a Regular Paper should begin with a short introduction with no heading. This should state the reasons for performing the work, with brief reference to previous work on the subject. Avoid giving an extensive review of the literature.

4. Methods, Results, and Discussion
The arrangement of the paper after the introduction is not fixed. The author may separate sections with italicized subheadings.
The Experimental Procedures or Materials and Methods should give sufficient details to enable the reader to repeat your work exactly, if necessary. The necessity for conciseness should not lead to omission of important experimental details. Refer to previously published procedures employed by citation of both the original description and pertinent published modifications, and do not include extensive description unless they present substantially new modifications. Combination of the Results and Discussion in a single section sometimes gives a clearer and more compact presentation.

5. References
References cited in the text should be numbered in parentheses with italicized Arabic numerals in order of appearance. References to "unpublished experiments" and "personal communications" should appear parenthetically in the text following the name(s) of the source of information [(Yamada, T., personal communication), (Suzuki, M. and Yoshida, M., unpublished observations) etc.]. Be sure to verify the wording of any personal communication with the person who supplied the information and get his approval for the use of his name in connection with the quoted information. All references should be listed in numerical order typed double-spaced on a separate sheet under the heading REFERENCES. Please note the following examples.

(1) For a journal article:

7. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A.R. (1977) DNA sequencing with the chain-termination inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463-5467

(2) For a chapter in an edited book:

12. Messing, J. (1983) New M13 vectors for cloning in Methods in Enzymology (Wu, R., Grossman, L., and Moldave, K., eds.) Vol.101, pp. 20-51, Academic Press, New York

(3) For a book by one or more authors:

15. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual pp. 1339-1341, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY

Text citations to references written by more than two authors should be styled for example as, Smith et al. In the reference list, however, the names of all authors (with initials) must be given. If an article has been accepted for publication by a journal but has not yet appeared in print, the reference should be styled as follows:

29. Tanahashi, H. and Ito, T. (1994) Molecular characterization of a novel factor recognizing the interleukin-6 responsive element. J Biochem. (in press)

The use of "in preparation" and "submitted for publication" is not allowed in the reference list.

6. Nucleotide Sequence
New nucleotide data must be submitted and deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases and an accession number obtained before the paper can be accepted for publication. Submission to any one of the three collaborating databanks is sufficient to ensure data entry in all. The accession number should be included in the manuscript e.g., as a footnote on the title page: "Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession number(s) ....". If requested, the database will withhold release of data until publication. The most convenient method for submitting sequence data is by World Wide Web:

DDBJ via SAKURA: http://sakura.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/
EMBL via WEBIN: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/Submission/webin.html
GenBank^TM via BankIt: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BankIt/
or stand-alone submission tool
Sequin: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Sequin/

For special types of submissions (e.g., genomes, bulk submissions, etc.) additional submission protocols are available from the above sites.

Database Contact Information
DDBJ: Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan
National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, JAPAN; telephone: +81 559 81 6853; fax: +81 559 81 6849; e-mail: ddbj@ddbj.nig.ac.jp; web URL: http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/

EMBL: EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Submissions, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge DB10 1SD U.K.; telephone: +44 1223 494499; fax: +44 1223 494472; e-mail: datasubs@ebi.ac.uk; web URL: http://www.ebi.ac.uk

GenBank: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bldg. 38A, Rm 8N-803, Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A.; telephone: +1 301 496 2475; fax: +1 301 480 9241; e-mail: info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; web URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

7. Electronic manuscripts
Electronic manuscripts reduce the possibility of introducing errors and resulted in rapid delivery of proofs. After acceptance, authors are encouraged to send the disk plus one printed manuscript to the Editorial Office of the Journal.

1. Tables should be drawn on separate sheets and numbered consecutively in Roman numerals. For aid in designing tables in acceptable style, refer to current issues of the Journal.

2. Each table should have an explanatory title and sufficient experimental detail, usually in a paragraph immediately following the title, to be intelligible without reference to the text (unless the procedure is given in the Experimental Procedures section, or under another table or figure).

3. Indicate units of measure clearly.

4. Footnotes to tables should be kept to a minimum and should be indicated by superscript lower cases, at the bottom of the table.

1. Each figure (Scheme, Diagram) should be given on a separate sheet numbered with an Arabic numeral (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.). Figures will be reduced to fit into the type area of the printed page (17.5 x 23.5 cm).

2. Identify all figures in the margin or on the back, with the author's name and figure number and indicate TOP.

3. Each figure should be accompanied by a title and an explanatory legend (Legends to Figures). There should be sufficient experimental detail in the legend to make the figure intelligible without reference to the text (unless the same material has been given with a previous figure, or in the Experimental Procedures section).

4. Legends to Figures should be typed double-spaced, in numerical order, on a separate page.

5. Photographs should be glossy and as high in contrast as possible. Quadruplicate copies for referees should be of the same quality as the original.

6. Indicate the magnification of photomicrographs in the legend or include a bar indicating the scale in the figure.

7. Flow diagrams and amino acid or nucleotide sequences should always be presented as direct photographic reproduction.

VII. CHEMICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

1. Refer in the text to simple chemical compounds by their formulae when these can be printed in simple horizontal lines of type. Do not use structural formulae in the running text.

2. Ionic charge should be shown as a superscript following the chemical symbol, e.g. Fe³⁺, SO₄^2–.

3. Prepare large structural formulae and long mathematical equations in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction and include them as a Diagram at the end of the paper.

4. Isotopically Labeled Compounds—The symbol for an isotope is shown in square brackets directly before the name (word), as in [¹⁴C]urea, [a-¹⁴C]leucine, DL-[methyl-¹⁴C]methionine. When more than one position in a substance is labeled with the same isotope and the positions are not indicated, the number of labeled atoms should be indicated as a right-hand subscript; as in [¹⁴C₂]glycolic acid. The symbol U indicates uniform, e.g. [U-¹⁴C]glucose (where the ¹⁴C is uniformly distributed among all six positions). The isotopic prefix precedes that part of the name to which it refers, as in sodium [¹⁴C]formate, thiamine [b-³²P]diphosphate. Terms such as ¹³¹I-labeled albumin should not be contracted to [¹³¹I]albumin. When isotopes of more than one element are introduced, their symbols should be arranged in alphabetical order: e.g. L-[3-¹⁴C, 2,3-²H, ¹⁵N]serine. The symbols ²H and ³H or D and T may be used for deuterium and tritium, respectively.

For simple molecules, the labeling is indicated by writing the chemical formulae with the prefix superscripts attached to the correct atomic symbols in the formulae: e.g. ¹⁴CO₂, H₂¹⁸O 2H₂O. Square brackets should not be used for them, or when the isotopic symbol is attached to a word that is not a specific chemical name, abbreviation or symbol: e.g. ¹³¹I-labeled, ¹⁴C-sugar, ¹⁴C-steroids, ³²PO₄^3–, but [³²P]phosphate.

5. Spectrophotometric Data—Beer's law may be stated as
A = –log T = elc
Where A is the absorbance; T; the transmittance (=I/I₀); e;, the molar absorption coefficient; c, the concentration of the absorbing substances in moles per liter; and l, the length of the optical path in centimeters. Under these conditions e has the dimensions liter•mol^–1•cm^–1 or more briefly M^–1•cm^–1 (not cm²•mol^–l). Do not use "O.D." and "E."

In scientific investigations involving human subjects, experiments should be performed in accordance with the ethical standards formulated in the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 (revised in 1989, cf. http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/). Similarly, animal experiments should follow the ethical standards formulated in the Helsinki Declaration, and measures taken to protect animals from pain or discomfort should be mentioned.

1. Abbreviations with specific meanings may be used for convenience for complex chemical substances, particularly in equations, tables, or figures. Avoid using abbreviations in titles and summaries except the standard ones listed in Table II of Section IX-8.

2. Use abbreviations and symbols sparingly in the text. In chemical equations, which traditionally depend upon symbols, an abbreviation or symbol may be used for a term that appears in full in the neighboring text. Trivial names are usually sufficiently short not to require abbreviations.

3. An abbreviated name or symbol in a column heading in a table, figure, or photograph must either be taken from the "accepted" list given in Section IX-8 or formulated in accordance with the principles of Section IX-6.

4. For spelling of chemical names consult current issues of the Journal. For chemical terms follow essentially the usages and rules recommended by International Scientific Union, especially Nomenclature Committee of IUBMB (NC-IUBMB, IUBMB: International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN, IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry): see the recommendations in Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents (1978), available from The Biochemical Society, 7 Warwick Court, London WC1R 5DP, U.K. and in Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents. A Compendium, 2nd edn (Liébecq, C., ed.), Portland Press Ltd, London (1992). (see Eur. J. Biochem. 213, 1–3 (1993))

Refer also to http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/jcbn/

5. Enzymes—Where one or more enzymes figure prominently in a manuscript, authors should use the recommended (trivial) name or systematic name given by Nomenclature Committee of IUBMB and IUPAC-IUBMB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature: see

• Enzyme Nomenclature, Recommendations (1992), Academic Press Inc.,
• see also Eur. J. Biochem. 213, 1–3 (1993).
• —Supplement Eur. J. Biochem. 223, 1–5 (1994).
• —Supplement 2 Eur. J. Biochem. 232, 1–6 (1995).
• —Supplement 3 Eur. J. Biochem. 237, 1–5 (1996).
• —Supplement 4 Eur. J. Biochem. 250, 1–6 (1997).

When an enzyme is the main subject of a paper, its source, trivial name, systematic name (or the reaction that it catalyzes) and code number (preceded by "EC") should be included.

6. Non-Standard Abbreviations—Use of abbreviations other than the standard ones listed in IX-7 and IX-8 should be kept to a minimum. Such abbreviations should be introduced only when absolutely necessary, as in tables, figures, and other illustrations where space is particularly limited. Abbreviations are usually not needed in the text of a paper where repeated use of long names can be avoided by judicious use of pronouns, or by paraphrasing with words such as "the substrate," "the inhibitor," "the methyl derivative" etc. All non-standard abbreviations used in the text should be defined in alphabetical order in a single footnote on the title page.

7. Abbreviations of Units of Measurement and Physical and Chemical Quantities—These abbreviations listed in Table I may be used without definition.

TABLE I

(1) Prefixes to the names of units

(2) Units of Concentration²⁾

(3) Units of Length

(4) Units of Area and Volume

(5) Units of Mass

(6) Units of Time

(7) Units of Radioactivity

(8) Other Units

(9) Physical and Chemical Quantities

(10) Other Terms